山羊可溶型干细胞因子mRNA在不同毛色皮肤组织中的表达水平简

为探讨可溶性干细胞因子（stem cell factor, SCF）基因表达水平与山羊毛色间的相关性，本试验利用实时荧光定量PCR（QRT-PCR）技术研究了SCF基因mRNA在黑色和白色山羊皮肤中的表达量，并对结果进行统计分析。经内参基因校正后，黑色山羊皮肤中可溶型SCF的相对表达量是白色山羊相对表达量的0.27倍（P>0.05）。可溶型SCF mRNA表达量可能与山羊毛色表型不存在相关性。     

A comparison of changes in stable isotope ratios in the epidermal mucus and muscle tissue of slow‐growing adult catfish

Although stable isotope analysis is a powerful tool for determining diet, migration patterns and the structure of food webs in aquatic systems, the slow response of isotopic ratios in the widely used muscle tissue often hampers this approach, particularly in slow‐growing or adult fishes. We conducted a diet‐switch experiment to compare the changes in the stable carbon isotope ratio (δ¹³C values) in the epidermal mucus and muscle tissue of five‐year‐old catfish (Silurus asotus). The isotope ratios in noninvasively sampled mucus changed more rapidly than those in the muscle tissue. As isotopic change in mucus was relatively rapid, this technique can be used over a finer timescale than traditional isotopic analyses using the muscle tissue. The isotopic change half‐life in our experimental condition was 200 days, which would not be short enough for some research purposes. Examining mucus along with the muscle would enable food habits of slow‐growing fishes to be determined over different timescales. However, the rate of isotopic change in the mucus was negatively affected by the size of fish and was slower than the previously reported rates in juvenile steelhead. These findings suggest that mucus turnover rates need to be determined prior to the field data interpretation.     

Preliminary recovery of coastal sharks in the south‐east United States

Relative abundance of many shark species in the Atlantic is assessed by compiling data from several independently conducted, but somewhat spatially limited surveys. Although these localized surveys annually sample the same populations, resulting trends in yearly indices often conflict with one another, thereby hindering interpretation of abundance patterns at broad spatial scales. We used delta‐lognormal generalized linear models (GLMs) to generate indices of abundance for seven Atlantic coastal shark species from six fishery‐independent surveys along the US east coast and Gulf of Mexico from 1975 to 2014. These indices were further analysed using dynamic factor analysis (DFA) to produce simplified, broad‐scale common trends in relative abundance over the entire sampled distribution. Effects of drivers including the North Atlantic Oscillation index, the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation index, annually averaged sea surface temperature and species landings were evaluated within the DFA model. The two decadal oscillations and species landings were shown to affect shark distribution along south‐east US coast. Estimated common trends of relative abundance for all large coastal shark species showed similar decreasing patterns into the early 1990s, periods of sustained low index values thereafter and recent indications of recovery. Small coastal shark species exhibited more regional variability in their estimated common trends, such that two common trends were required to adequately describe patterns in relative abundance throughout the Gulf of Mexico and Atlantic. Overall, all species’ (except the Gulf of Mexico blacknose shark) time series concluded with an increasing trend, suggestive of initial recovery from past exploitation.     

延边地区烟草病毒病与气象因子关系的研究

为探明延边地区烟草病毒病的发病规律,为生产优质高产烟叶提供科学有效的病毒病预防措施,简要分析了延边地区2010和2011年病毒病与气象因子的关系.结果表明,延边地区进入6月份,当日平均温度高于16.0℃,烟草病毒病就可以发生.病毒病发病前10d的日平均温度高,日照时数大于6h的天数多,降雨量少的情况下,病毒病发生严重.     

草面温度在霜预报中的应用

为了避免农作物遇霜后遭受冻害,本研究采用草面温度对霜进行预测。利用连云港气象观测站2014—2016年逐时气象要素,包括气温、0 cm地温、露点温度、水汽压、气压以及2 min平均风速等气象要素作为影响连云港地区草面温度的关键因子,并以这6个要素作为属性特征,以草温作为标志量构建训练样本集,结合KNN数据挖掘算法构建草温预测模型,并根据草温判别是否有霜出现。结果表明：基于该算法构建的草温预测模型效果较好,预报平均误差1.2℃;根据草温预测霜的准确率高达90.2%,尤其对初终霜的预报具有很好的指示意义。因此,引入草温作为霜的预报指标,对于避免农作物遭受霜害具有十分重要的意义。     

小麦热激蛋白转录因子C家族基因的结构及其在干旱胁迫中的表达

小麦热激蛋白转录因子在热胁迫和耐热性产生的过程中发挥重要作用。为进一步了解小麦热激蛋白转录因子C亚家族,本研究采用全基因组信息保守结构域比对和进化聚类分析,共鉴定了24个小麦TaHsfC基因,并对TaHsfC亚家族成员染色体定位、基因结构、亚细胞定位、对应蛋白质的氨基酸特点、基因表达进行了分析。结果表明,24个TaHsfCs主要分布在5条染色体上,其中A基因组中有7个,B基因组中9个,D基因组中有6个,另外两个所在染色体位置不清楚。TaHsfCs含有0～2个内含子,其中 TaHsfC1亚族基因含有1～2个内含子, TaHsfC2亚族基因则含有0～1个内含子。聚类分析表明,小麦TaHsfC成员共分为 TaHsfC1和 TaHsfC2两个亚族。24个TaHsfCs成员全部定位于细胞核。在15%PEG模拟干旱条件下,干旱敏感品种矮抗58和耐旱品种晋麦47中有10个TaHsfC基因显著上调表达,其中 TaHsfC2亚族基因的表达量上调倍数均高于 TaHsfC1亚族基因(其中 TaHsfC2j和 TaHsfC2k未在晋麦47中检测到表达量)。本研究可为探索小麦热激蛋白转录因子C家族基因在小麦抗旱中的分子机制提供一定的理论支撑。     

WRKY在园艺产品品质形成和维持中的作用机制研究进展

WRKY是植物中所特有的一类重要的转录因子，广泛参与调控植物生长发育、激素信号转导、胁迫响应、叶片衰老和果实成熟等多种生物学进程。本文重点综述了近年来WRKY转录因子在园艺产品品质形成和维持中的作用及其调控机制，进一步加深对植物WRKY转录因子的生物学功能及其转录调控网络的认识，也为培育优质的园艺作物新品种提供理论基础。     

杨木预水解过程中化学组分的降解行为及P因子调控作用

预水解具有环境友好性,符合生物炼制的理念。前期关于预水解的研究多集中于半纤维素的降解、分离和利用,而有关预水解过程中木质素降解的系统研究鲜有报道。以杨木为原料,在130~210℃条件下保温30~120 min进行预水解,结合P因子研究得率、葡聚糖、木聚糖、酸不溶木质素和酸溶木质素的降解率,揭示P因子对木质素降解行为的调控作用,探讨各化学组分在预水解过程中的相互作用。研究表明,预水解过程中木质素发生了一定程度的碎片化。随温度升高和时间延长,酸不溶木质素降解率均逐渐升高;当温度为190和210℃时,随时间延长,酸溶木质素降解率先升高后降低。试验证明,P因子对杨木木质素的降解具有调控作用。随着P因子增加,酸不溶木质素降解率呈指数上升,且分为快速降解(P因子<1500)和缓慢降解(P因子>1500)两个阶段;酸溶木质素降解率先上升后下降,在P因子为1926时达到最大值45.9%。此外,预水解过程中碳水化合物和木质素的降解具有相互作用关系。碳水化合物的降解为木质素的溶出打开了物理通道,同时木质素的重新吸附阻碍了其进一步降解。